Essay How To 【怎样写好一篇论文】

1.什么是论文？

论文是句子和思想的书面集合，有组织，整齐地分成段落，必须清晰，有组织，易于阅读

An essay is a written collection of sentences and ideas, organized and divided neatly into paragraphs
it must be clear, organized and easily understandable to those reading

为什么要写论文？

论文是用来用证据和解释来陈述和支持一个观点的
论文可以用来说服别人同意你的观点

An essay is used to state and support an opinion with proof and explanation
Essays can be used to persuade others to agree with your opinion

2.论文结构

2.0 Title Text

Each Academic/University level English course contains a unit on essay writing
You need to write an essay on the OSSLT (Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test), and you need to pass the literacy test to graduate high school

2.1 Introduction

常见的论文是五段式论文 即【Introduction - 1stBP - 2ndBP - 3rdBP - Conclusion】

正文部分的第一段是开头（包含直接 观点准确 附带三个REASON的Thesis Statement ）

The first paragraph is an introductory paragraph
The middle three paragraph are the body paragraphs
The last paragraph is the concluding paragraph

在Intro段落 你需要注意下面的内容

这是一个案例：

• Disguises and costumes are a fun way to explore new identities and take on a new persona. Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare explores the use of disguises and costumes throughout the play. Disguises and costumes drive the main conflicts in the plot, create humour and allow characters to explore different class and gender identities. Therefore, for these reasons disguises and costumes are key elements in the play Twelfth Night.

2.2 Body Paragraphs

每个主体段落都陈述并解释了一个不同的观点来帮助你证明你的观点
当一个观点有更多的事实支持（证据）时，它总是更有力。

Each body paragraph states and explains a different point to help you prove your opinion
An opinion is always stronger when it has more supporting facts (proof)

注意区分事实和观点的区别

FACT	OPINION
Fact is a true statement	An opinion is one individual’s personal belief on a subject
Facts can be supported, upheld and proven by evidence	Everyone is welcome to have an opinion, but not every opinion is based on fact
	Opinions can be based on what a person has heard from others, and is therefore subject to bias

事实总是比观点更有说服力

FACE IS STRONGER THAN OPINION!!!

所以，你要确保你的文章的措辞和措辞都是事实，而不是简单的观点

For this reason, make sure that you phrase and word your essays as if they are FACT, not simply OPINION

三个主体段落（BodyParagraph）中的每一个都涉及三个原因/证明中的一个
永远记得按照相同的顺序来展示它们：A，B，C
理由/证据A应该是你最有力的论据
理由/证据C应该永远是你最薄弱的论据

Each of the three body paragraphs deals with one of the three reasons/proofs
Always remember to present them in the same order: A,B,C
Reason/Proof A should always be your strongest argument
Reason/Proof C should always be your weakest argument

而三段BP的安排如下

注意连接词的使用

    Firstly, disguises and costumes drive the main conflicts in the plot of Twelfth Night.
 
    Secondly, disguises and costumes create humour throughout the play.
 
     Lastly, disguises and costumes allow characters to explore different class and gender identities.

2.3 Conclusion

在结尾段你需要做的事情：

重申你的主题句

重申你的三个观点

用一个关于主题的概括的结束语来结束

Restate thesis
Restate your three points
Finish with a broad concluding sentence about the topic

结尾段的EXAMPLE：

• Therefore, disguises and costumes are used throughout William Shakespeare's play Twelfth Night and are crucial components in the play. Disguises and costumes cause mistaken identity within the play causing confusion between characters and creating conflict in the plot. Also, disguises and costumes add humour in the play in particular through dramatic irony. Finally, through disguises and costumes characters in the play are permitted to explore gender and class categories which they would otherwise not be permitted to do. Disguises and costumes are used throughout the play Twelfth Night and are crucial to the entertainment of the play.

3. 论文的一些规则

不要使用人称代词（我，我们，你）。这些都表明你的文章是一个观点而不是事实
Do not use personal pronouns (I, we, you) These suggest your essay is an opinion instead of factual
用现在时书写
Write in Present tense
不使用修辞手段或创造性的写作技巧
Do not use rhetorical devises or creative writing skills
不要使用缩写形式（Can 't, won 't, could 't）
Do not use contractions (Can’t, won’t, couldn’t)
不要使用俚语或非正式语言Do not use slang or informal language

避免使用模糊的语言（要具体）
Avoid using vague language (be specific)
在文章中不要简单地总结你的小说/戏剧（假设阅读的人对小说/戏剧都很了解）
In an essay do not simply summarize your novel/play (assume that whoever is reading knows the novel/play well)
在你的主体段落中，在解释和支持你的证据和引用时，尽可能详细和具体
In your body paragraph, be as detailed and specific as possible when explaining and supporting your evidence and quotations
使用过渡词从一个想法流畅地过渡到下一个（另外，最后，例如，因此）
Use transition words to move smoothly from one idea to the next (in addition, lastly, for example, therefore)
永远不要在你的结尾段提出新的信息NEVER bring up new information in your closing paragraph